Data sources
This page introduces key data sources used to quantify net impact.
Upright net impact model synthesises information from a wide range of public data sources. In addition to extracting causal links from scientific articles, data sources are used as input data to value chain allocation, estimating company product mixes, weighting of impacts and calibrating the magnitudes of impacts for products and services.
Examples of utilised data sources are listed below.
Scientific articles
World’s largest open-access database for scientific articles consisting of more than 300M scientific articles
Inter-Country Input-Output tables (ICIO)
International statistics mapping flows of production, consumption, investment and international trade in goods and services between countries, broken down by economic activity
US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output tables (USEEIO)
Combined economic-environmental models, from which inputs and value adds can be derived for a wide variety of commodities
World electricity final consumption by sector
Global sector level electricity consumption statistics
Structural and Demographic Business Statistics (SDBS)
Database on turnover, value-added, production, operating surplus, employment, labour costs and investment on sectoral and country level
Company websites and reports
Multiple
Company websites and reports contain information on the core business of the companies
Greenhouse gas emission conversion factors
GHG emission conversion factors issues by UK government
Lifecycle CO2 equivalent for electricity production
CO2e emissions over the lifecycle of different electricity production methods
Environmental impacts of food
Statistics on GHG emissions per kilogram of food product
IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
A report assessing the latest scientific knowledge on climate change
Biofuels default GHG emissions
GHG emission factors for biofuels
“CO₂ emissions” at OurWorldinData.org
Statistics on global CO2 emissions
Criticality levels of raw materials
List of critical raw materials
The Global Biodiversity Outlook 5
A global assessment of biodiversity trends and the progress made toward achieving international biodiversity goals
New Nature Economy Report Series
Reports focused on the economic risks posed by biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation
Biodiversity: Finance and the Economic and Business Case for Action
A report analysing the financial challenges and opportunities associated with biodiversity conservation
Seafood sustainability database
Database on the environmental aspects of different seafood species and farming practices considering overfishing, bycatch, habitat damage, and pollution
Agricultural land use
Statistics on land use of different food products
The Global Burden of Disease study
The Global Burden of Disease study is a research initiative led by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation that assesses the impact of various diseases, injuries, and risk factors on global populations
Death rates per unit of electricity production
Hannah Ritchie (2020) article and data on the death rates from accidents and air pollution per terawatt-hour of electricity for different electricity production methods
Occupational injuries per 100'000 workers by economic activity
Fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers by ISIC and by country
Essential medicines list
Medicines which satisfy the priority health care needs of a population, selected based on public health relevance and comparative cost-effectiviness
The Global Burden of Disease study
A global research initiative assessing the impact of various diseases, injuries, and risk factors on global populations
Essential medicines list
Medicines which satisfy the priority health care needs of a population, selected based on public health relevance and comparative cost-effectiviness.
Nutritional values database
Nutritional content of different food products.
Detailed average prices
Average prices of different food products.
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)
PIAAC is a worldwide study on cognitive and workplace skills
Tax revenue
Tax revenue (% of GDP) per country
The Global Labour Income Share and Distribution
Report and statistics on the distribution of global labor income
Lists of critical infrastructure
US government listing of critical infrastructure
List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (ILAB 2022)
A list of goods and their source countries where there is reason to believe that child labor or forced labor is used
Conflict minerals regulation
List of minerals with a risk of financing armed groups, fuel human rights abuses and support corruption
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